Abstract This article aims to investigate the possible correlation between the proficiency of the second language (L2, English) and the third language (L3, Spanish) in Chinese university students who speak Mandarin Chinese as their first language (L1). The analysis includes data provided by 61 students in the second year of university who study Spanish as major from zero but with nine to twelve years of experience in learning English as their first foreign language. The result reveals that there is a significant and positive relation between English and Spanish levels, giving evidence to prove the hypothesis that the second language constitutes an important factor for the third language learning, which corroborates the Factor Model proposed by Hufeisen that explains the process of third language acquisition.

Resumen Este trabajo tiene como fin investigar la posible correlación entre la competencia de la segunda lengua (L2, inglés) y la tercera lengua (L3, español) en los estudiantes universitarios chinos que hablan el chino mandarín como su lengua materna (o primera lengua, L1). El análisis está elaborado a partir de una muestra de 61 alumnos de segundo año de carrera cursando la lengua española como especialidad y habiendo partido sin conocimientos previos de la lengua española, pero sí con experiencia previa, de entre nueve a 12 años, aprendiendo inglés. El estudio revela una relación significativa y positiva entre el nivel de inglés (L2) y el de español (L3), obteniendo evidencias de que la segunda lengua constituye un factor importante en el aprendizaje de la tercera lengua, lo cual corrobora el Factor Model propuesto por Hufeisen que describe el proceso de adquisición de la tercera lengua.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical training of high-level archers is a very critical point. It is now known that the ultimate goal of athletes’ training is to achieve a good competitive state in their physical training. This has revealed that the relationship between athletes’ attention stability and their performance in archery competitions also needs to be explored. Objective: Analyze the fitness training methods for Chinese archers. In addition, this paper also explores the relationship between attention and performance in competitions. Methods: By random sampling method, 24 archery athletes were investigated. They were divided into three groups: A, B, and C. Group A represented excellent scores (8), group B with good scores (8), and group C with average scores (8). Statistical methods were used to analyze and infer the data. Using the SPSS program, mathematical statistics were performed to objectify the data collected. Results: Athletes in group A had the greatest increase in attention after training, showing statistical significance (P<0.01). The comparison between groups B and C also showed statistical significance (P<0.01). Significant differences were found in the stability of attention between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: The sport bow practice method can effectively improve athletes’ concentration. This training method showed a significant effect on improving archers’ attention and concentration. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La preparación física de los arqueros de alto nivel es un punto muy crítico y hoy en día se sabe que el objetivo final del entrenamiento de los deportistas es alcanzar un buen estado competitivo en su preparación física. Esto ha revelado que la relación entre la estabilidad de la atención de los atletas y su rendimiento en las competiciones de tiro con arco también debe ser explorada. Objetivo: Analizar los métodos de entrenamiento físico de los arqueros chinos. Además, este trabajo también explora la relación entre la atención y el rendimiento en las competiciones. Métodos: Mediante un método de muestreo aleatorio se investigaron 24 atletas de tiro con arco. Se dividieron en tres grupos: A, B y C. El grupo A, que representa resultados excelentes (8); el grupo B, con buenos resultados (8), y el grupo C, con resultados medios (8). Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos para analizar e inferir los datos. Utilizando el programa SPSS, se realizaron estadísticas matemáticas para objetivar los datos recogidos. Resultados: Los atletas del grupo A tuvieron el mayor aumento de la atención después del entrenamiento, mostrando significación estadística (P<0,01). La comparación entre los grupos B y C también presentó significación estadística (P<0,01). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la estabilidad de la atención entre los grupos experimental y de control. Conclusión: El método de práctica del arco deportivo puede mejorar eficazmente la concentración de los deportistas. Este método de entrenamiento mostró un efecto significativo en la mejora de la atención y la concentración de los arqueros. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento físico dos arqueiros de alto nível é um ponto muito crítico e atualmente sabe-se que o objetivo final do treinamento dos atletas é alcançar um bom estado competitivo em seu treinamento físico. Isso tem revelado que a relação entre a estabilidade da atenção dos atletas e seu desempenho nas competições com arco também precisa ser explorada. Objetivo: Analisar os métodos de treinamento de aptidão física para os arqueiros chineses. Além disso, este documento também explora a relação entre a atenção e o desempenho nas competições. Métodos: Pelo método de amostragem aleatória investigou-se 24 atletas de arco e flecha. Eles foram divididos em três grupos: A, B, e C. O grupo A representando excelentes resultados (8); O grupo B com boas notas (8), e o grupo C com notas médias (8). Utilizou-se métodos estatísticos para analisar e inferir os dados. Utilizando o programa SPSS, foram realizadas as estatísticas matemáticas para objetivar os dados coletados. Resultados: Os atletas do grupo A tiveram o maior aumento na atenção após o treinamento, apresentando significância estatística (P<0,01). A comparação entre os grupos B e C também apresentou significância estatística significativa (P<0,01). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas na estabilidade da atenção entre os grupos experimental e controle. Conclusão: O método de prática com arco esportivo pode efetivamente melhorar a concentração dos atletas. Este método de treinamento apresentou um efeito significativo na melhoria da atenção e concentração dos arqueiros. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT In the process of rice harvesting, the passability of the track combine harvester is often limited by the state of the soil. Meanwhile, wet and soft paddy soil is compacted under the rolling of harvesting machinery, which also affects the soil function and the ecological environment. Therefore, the relationship between the physical and mechanical properties of wet and soft paddy soil was studied in this paper. In addition, compaction from a track combine harvester on field soil with and without rice stubble was studied. The density and gradation of wet and soft paddy soil were positively correlated with cohesion and negatively correlated with the internal friction angle. In paddy soil with a moisture content of 16–36%, the soil moisture content was negatively correlated with cohesion and internal friction angle. Additionally, the plastic deformation of soil with rice stubble under compaction was greater than that without rice stubble, and the plastic deformation of the field with rice stubble mainly occurred in the second rolling stage. Increasing the speed of the track combine harvester effectively reduced the compaction risk of rice stubble soil.

RESUMO Introdução O treino de fortalecimento do core tem sido amplamente utilizado no treinamento esportivo competitivo, alcançando resultados notáveis no treino esportivo mais acirrado ao maximizar a força e precisão dos atletas. Acredita-se que um protocolo específico para as tenistas universitárias possa causar os mesmos resultados. Objetivo Verificar a eficácia do treinamento de força do core no treinamento de tenistas universitárias. Métodos Estudo randomizado controlado de tenistas universitárias (n=40) com protocolo específico de fortalecimento de core para fortalecimento versus métodos tradicionais de treino de força. Foram comparadas as alterações das habilidades táticas pré e pós experimento. O tratamento estatístico descritivo dos resultados coletados foi confrontado com a literatura atual. Resultados Comparado com o treinamento de força tradicional, o treinamento de força do core revelou-se mais propício ao desenvolvimento da força do core em tenistas universitárias. Conclusão O treinamento de força do core auxilia no desenvolvimento da habilidade e tática das tenistas universitárias. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction Core strength training has been extensively used in competitive sports training, achieving remarkable results in the most competitive sports training by maximizing athletes’ strength and accuracy. It is believed that a specific protocol for female university tennis players can bring the same results. Objective Verify the effectiveness of core strength training in the performance of female university tennis players. Methods Randomized controlled trial of female university tennis players (n=40) with a specific core strength training protocol versus traditional strength training methods. Changes in tactical skills pre and post-experiment were compared. Descriptive statistical treatment of the collected results was confronted with current literature. Results Compared with traditional strength training, core strength training proved to be more conducive to developing core strength in female college tennis players. Conclusion Core strength training assists in the development of skills and tactics in female college tennis players. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento de la fuerza del core se ha utilizado ampliamente en el entrenamiento deportivo de competición, logrando resultados notables en el entrenamiento deportivo más competitivo al maximizar la fuerza y la precisión de los atletas. Se cree que un protocolo específico para los tenistas universitarios puede provocar los mismos resultados. Objetivo Comprobar la eficacia del entrenamiento de la fuerza del core en el entrenamiento de las tenistas universitarias. Métodos Estudio controlado aleatorio de jugadoras de tenis universitarias (n=40) con un protocolo específico de entrenamiento de la fuerza del core para el fortalecimiento frente a los métodos tradicionales de entrenamiento de la fuerza. Se compararon los cambios en las habilidades tácticas antes y después del experimento. El tratamiento estadístico descriptivo de los resultados recogidos se confrontó con la literatura actual. Resultados En comparación con el entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional, el entrenamiento de fuerza del core demostró ser más propicio para el desarrollo de la fuerza del core en las tenistas universitarias. Conclusión El entrenamiento de la fuerza del core ayuda al desarrollo de la habilidad y la táctica de las tenistas universitarias. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Abstract Balamuthia mandrillaris infection is a rare infectious disease around the world, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Its early and correct diagnosis is a big challenge for us, and without it the delay in starting effective treatment can lead to the development of encephalitis. This is a report of a case of Balamuthia mandrillaris infection in a Chinese boy, with red plaques on the nasal dorsum as the first presentation, who finally developed into fatal encephalitis. The authors have reviewed the related literature and share the special skin features in order to favor the early diagnosis of the disease and increase the chances of survival.

Abstract Erythropoietin (EPO), supports the function and survival of neurons through astrocytes and has a protective role in neonatal asphyxia brain injury; yet, its mechanism of action remains unclear. As a neuroprotective factor, EPO is also used in the treatment of various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, by decreasing inflammatory reaction, resisting apoptosis, and lowering oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the effect and mechanism of EPO on promoting human brain glial cell proliferation under hypoxia in vitro. Under CoC12-induced hypoxia, after adding EPO, high-throughput sequencing was used to screen out meaningful up-regulated and significant differentially expressed genes PI3K, IKKα CDK1 related to proliferation, and make further verification by qPCR and western blotting. Under hypoxia, EPO promoted cell proliferation and the expression of PI3K while this effect was inhibited (along with a decrease of downstream genes IKKα and CDK1 decreased) after adding PI3K inhibitor to cell culture. EPO can promote cell proliferation and CDK1 expression, while after inhibiting CDK1 expression, the promotion of EPO on cell proliferation was eliminated. These data proved that EPO promotes the proliferation of U251 cells by activating the PI3K-IKKα-CDK1 signaling pathway under CoC12-induced hypoxia.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore the neuroprotective effects of Lutongkeli (LTKL) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and detect the related mechanism. Methods: TBI model was established with LTKL administration (2 and 4 g/kg/d, p.o.). Motor function of rats was examined by Rotarod test. Nissl staining was used to show neuron morphology. Furthermore, the disease-medicine common targets were obtained with the network pharmacology and analyzed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Lastly, the predicted targets were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: After LTKL administration, neural behavior was significantly improved, and the number of spared neurons in brain was largely increased. Moreover, 68 bioactive compounds were identified, corresponding to 148 LTKL targets; 2,855 genes were closely associated with TBI, of which 87 overlapped with the LTKL targets and were considered to be therapeutically relevant. Functional enrichment analysis suggested LTKL exerted its pharmacological effects in TBI by modulating multiple pathways including apoptosis, inflammation, etc. Lastly, we found LTKL administration could increase the mRNA level of Bcl-2 and decrease the expression of Bax and caspase-3. Conclusions: This study reported the neuroprotective effect of LTKL against TBI is accompanied with anti-apoptosis mechanism, which provides a scientific explanation for the clinical application of LTKL in the treatment of TBI.

Abstract: Winer's dilated pore is an infrequent appendageal tumor characterized by a giant comedone on the face, neck, and upper trunk in adults. We report a 57-year-old woman who developed multiple asymptomatic black papules on both labia majora. Histopathology showed grouped dilated follicles lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium in the superficial dermis. The superficial lining epithelium and interfollicular epidermis were atrophic, while the deep epithelium showed mild proliferation and melanin pigmentation with a few short projections extending into the surrounding dermis. We diagnosed multiple Winer's dilated pores based on late-onset lesions and pathological features. This patient may represent the first case of multiple vulvar Winer's dilated pores. We suggest that electrocautery may be effective for treating this type of superficial entity.

Abstract: Background: Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a kind of shade-tolerant plants. It can synthesize and accumulate gypenosides in large amounts. The gypenosides are a valuable medicine that against hypertension, hyperlipemia, obesity, neurological disorder, inflammation, immune-modulation, diabetes and tumours. Hypotheses: Light quality was proved to affect the growth and gypenosides accumulation obviously in G. pentaphyllum, and it affects the photosynthesis certainly. So, some relationships may exist among these parameters. Study site and dates: Experiments were carried out in the late May of 2014 at Jishou University, Hunan province, China. Methods: Measurements of growth features and photosynthesis as well as determination of total gypenosides were conducted in seedlings that planted under different light qualities, including white, red, blue and green light emitted by LED lamps. Results: Light quality had remarkable effects on plant growth, total gypenosides accumulation and photosynthesis. White light had significant effects on increases in biomass, stem diameter and newly sprouted leaves than homogeneous light did. Compared with blue and green light, white light presented a higher content of total gypenosides which was closest to that of red light, suggesting the effect of white light on gypenosides accumulation was involved in red light. The net photosynthetic rate under red light was higher than those under blue or green lights, but obviously lower than that under white light. Conclusions: It is suggested that the influence of light quality on growth and the accumulation of total gypenosides was associated with photosynthesis efficiency.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of a discrepancy between actual and preferred living arrangements on the relationship between living arrangements and life satisfaction among the elderly in China. METHODS: Secondary analysis of the 2005 dataset of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was performed. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between life satisfaction and living arrangements. RESULTS: Among those with concordant actual and preferred living arrangements, living in a nursing home increased the likelihood of life satisfaction, whereas living alone and living with a spouse decreased the likelihood of life satisfaction compared to living with the next generation and a spouse. Among those with discordant living arrangements, there were no differences in life satisfaction between the various living arrangements, except that living with a spouse increased life satisfaction compared to living with the next generation and a spouse. CONCLUSIONS: A discrepancy between actual and preferred living arrangements modifies the relationship between life satisfaction and actual living arrangement. Living in a nursing home is a good option for Chinese elder care only if the older individual emotionally accepts it. Living alone or with a spouse is not a good arrangement for elder care, even though it is often preferred by the elderly. Those with discordant living arrangements are more satisfied living with their spouses.

Background The fermentation conditions of recombinant maltose-binding protein fused to neutrophil-activating protein (rMBP-NAP) of Helicobacter pylori were optimized from Escherichia coli TB1 with varying medium, inoculum age and size, time, inducer, pH and temperature in batch fermentation. Results It was revealed that the optimal conditions for the production of rMBP-NAP in shake flask were as follows: M9 medium (with 3% yeast extract powder added), inoculum age of 19 h, inoculum size of 6%, initial pH of 6.6, temperature of 37°C, and 0.7 mmoL/L IPTG inducted 21 h in a 50 mL/250 mL shake flask. The recombinant protein yield was increased from 59 to 592 mg/L after optimization. Fermentation process conducted in a 10 L fermenter with similar conditions could get 30 g/L wet cell and 1.738 g/L soluble protein with the rMBP-NAP expression level of 11.9%. Conclusion The results improve the expression level of rMBP-NAP, and it is expected that these optimized conditions can be well applied for large scale production of rMBP-NAP.

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) containing a phenanthrene skeleton was prepared by suspension polymerization with ethylene glycol maleic rosinate acrylate (EGMRA) as the cross-linker, tetrahydropalmatine (THP) as the template, and methacrylic acid as the functional monomer. A non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was similarly prepared and treated, but in the absence of THP The MIP and NIP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption and thermal gravimetric analyses. The time taken by the MIP to reach THP (C0 = 2.8 mmol L¹) adsorption equilibrium was 4.5 h, and the recognition factor of the MIP for THP was 2.09. The change in microcalorimetric heat flow during adsorption revealed that the MIP had a higher affinity to THP compared with NIP. Selective adsorption experiments demonstrated the high affinity and THP selectivity of the MIP.

Foi desenvolvido um protocolo simples e eficiente para a síntese de derivados de 1,2,3-triazol pela cicloadição 1,3-dipolar de nitroalquenos com azida de sódio, sem a necessidade de catalisador e sob condições brandas.

A simple and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives by catalyst-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitroalkenes with sodium azide under mild conditions.

We study the FeII properties of double-peaked broad low-ionization emission line AGN (dbp emitters) using a sample of 27 dbp emitters from SDSS (DR4). Our first result is that the line spectra in the wavelength range from 4100 Å to 5800 Å can be best fitted by an elliptical accretion disk model.The best fitted results indicate that the optical FeII emission lines of dbp emitters originate from the same region in the accretion disk where the double-peaked Balmer emission lines originate. Some correlations between FeII emission lines and the other broad emission lines for normal AGN can be confirmed for dbp emitters. However, these results should be taken with caution due to the small number of objects and the bias in selecting strong FeII emitters. We show that for dbp emitters, BH masses seems to have more influence on FeII properties than dimensionless accretion rate.

Estudiamos las propiedades de una muestra de 27 núcleos activos de galaxias (NAGs) con perfil de doble pico (dbp) en las líneas anchas de emisión de baja ionización, tomados del DR4. Nuestro primer resultado es que todo el espectro de emisión en el intervalo de 4100 Å a 5800 Å se puede ajustar muy bien mediante un modelo de emisión en un disco de acreción elíptico. Los mejores ajustes indican que la emisión óptica de las líneas de FeII en los emisores dbp se originan en la misma región del disco que las líneas de Balmer. Encontramos que algunas correlaciones conocidas para los NAGs normales se cumplen también para los dbp. Sin embargo, este resultado debe tomarse con cautela porque el número de objetos es pequeno y porque tenemos un sesgo de selección hacia objetos con emisión de FeII intensa. Mostramos que para los dbp, la masa del agujero negro central parece tener mayor influencia en las propiedades de la emisión de FeII que la tasa de acreción.